Instructions to stop telling stories in your town .. Get deaf! For intimidation against armed groups and corrupt, stick to journalism and registration not research. Become a deaf ear to the culture of illegality. Take a chance Take a chance that in the future people will claim "where were the journalists of my city when so many things went." not ask! Make a list of topics not play in the media in your country or city. never wonder why readers are so uninformed and what impact does this gap. contrast Post No information without solid backing and without contrast of sources. And then be surprised because they threaten. Let source send ... Do not worry about creating an information agenda propia en su redacción. Para eso están las fuentes oficiales que la dictan. Tome partido… Tome abiertamente partido en público, participe en candidaturas y campañas en su ciudad, mezcle el periodismo con sus asuntos personales. No denuncie… En caso de amenazas o agresiones derivadas de su trabajo, no las denuncie ante las entidades correspondientes, porque “denunciar me pone en riesgo”. Contribuya así a que las autoridades manifiesten que la situación es normal.. Vea normal las agresiones Considere que la agresión física o verbal de directivos y la intromisión de funcionarios administrativos en la agenda editorial are innate to practice journalism, and no censorship factors. The municipality sends Convince yourself that the municipality or state government to provide transport to news sites, 'buy' with it a right to be investigated or reported. Be an extortionist Become 'journalist extortion. " disseminate false information to pressure companies to sources or patterns in their environment. Stop fighting ... As the system of 'quotas' of advertising and arbitrary distribution of government advertising is a national problem, assume it is something natural and not seek alternatives or discuss it with the guild. raid without knowing bursts with your camera or microphone, without knowing the cultural differences of the populations. And then complain about not having access to these sources ... Let die stories ... If you can not publish a story in your town, prefers to let her die to share with colleagues or national media to disseminate it. Judge Judge self-censorship than self-censorship is the only protection mechanism and the only way to preserve neutrality in armed camps. Do you agree with this?
Sing when listening to Lady Gaga, has a voice that keeps you from screaming and talking about drip. This morning I wanted to make fun of Valle de Juarez cold with gray sweatshirt and legend love, jeans and black suede boots that cover just above the heel. walks toward his office with that obsession to look far to floor. Passes in front shot scraped the walls with white cement and plaster of police headquarters. grabbed me without makeup! "He says, and opens the door with a trio of bullet holes that could fit a thumb and carpeted offices with faces of men in hats or nectarines that are sought by prosecutors in Chihuahua with the caption: 'Help us find them. " Marisol Valles, 21, is the Police Chief G. Praxedis Guerrero located about 90 kilometers from Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, which is reached by a road along the U.S. border. Just follow the path of the Rio Grande the Americans tube. "Look, see there," he said pointing to where the lights of his old Ford lit the night before heading to Praxedis, a photojournalist who agreed to guide me, here is ant traffic in arms and drugs. The road to this city, runs into a military checkpoint where a group of soldiers ask what you do and where to go. On one side wearing balaclavas, another military gets into a barricade of sandbags to shoot if someone does not stop. At night they are invisible. - Here we learned that the military were interested in two things at the checkpoints, you turn your interior light and put your hands on the wheel, I noticed Ernesto Rodriguez, who sniffs the red ink for 25 years and all that involves threats, adrenaline, frames per second, closing time and family at risk.
This route to the community of Marisol, also known news: "In Chihuahua a woman and four men were lined up and shot yesterday morning with a gap of Placitas village in the Juarez Valley, between the towns of Guadalupe Distrito Bravos and Praxedis G. Guerrero. Implementation will be fired over 100 bullets ... "
One might think that Marisol, who accepted this job because the mayor was invited, was trained to speak with reporters, but she says it was us who silence vaccine many of his sentences.
- have been so many and the early days not even let me work ... he recalls.
Days after taking office on October 20, 2010, a news website said local Marisol: Chief of Police does not kill a fly. Another headline: Marisol Valles, the brave
Mexico ... then the news was global and the town of Praxedis already appeared on Google and front pages to the history of criminology as a student in charge of local police.
- How many women are your team? - 13 and 2 men - Why more women than men? - Why is the project of the mayor. And because women are more sensitive, more humble, more compressive and give people more confidence and do not go armed. The woman makes more sense to listen with empathy and for that reason most women. - How to live motherhood and work? - It's a bit difficult because as a mom keeps me running can not be with my son for 8 months as long as you want. But I have the support of my parents and my sisters. My mom and sister care for him. - How to live your husband this stage? - I have so much support because he says I'm doing something I like. He accepts it very well. - do you do it? - My husband works in a garage. - why some reporters are looking to put Marisol against the narcos? - I always say, do not want to put something that is not going to say. The point is that they do not understand what we do. It was hard because I wanted it put in the mouth.
And he says something you already have tried: When asked about the bad, I say that is not my role. We will not fight them. Marisol
never tells the narcos narcos. He prefers to tell the bad guys. Neither wants to talk about things that others can see.
A woman who does not mind me first and last name in the Acapulco restaurant on Main Street - again I heard the children screaming and shouting. I thought that was chasing a crazy then walk here in the square. But when I got to peek were several trucks around the town hall. Balaclavas and fell several people shouted that out to hell. We we went and then began firing as usual. They were half an hour.
Another woman snuggles up to the discussion: Have you known who abducted the boy from the pharmacy? - Yes, "she says as she nods as if he cared to be heard, the assassins have killed many people and kidnap. - Oops yes, once cut the head off a policeman and left in a cooler, but nobody noticed because there were flea markets.
The stories and what happens in Praxedis not prevent Marisol insist: We choose hope over fear. We will not mess with anybody, just going to implement the values \u200b\u200band principles and we must drive them to ride.
- Who will face the narcos? - That's what the Federal Police, it is not my role be telling, but it is clear who is responsible for the prosecution, investigation and prevention.
- President Calderón has said that governments must take the risk to fight drug traffickers ... - How can we fight something that is beyond our reach. A municipality and Praxedis bigger ... if you could not why would a small town has to achieve it? That is why we are backing a project to encourage the values.
- What do you think of this 'war' against drugs?
- If others think that violence fought with violence is very of them. We focus on values. This is not war. We are Mexican. All are equal before the law Why make war when we can talk.
- Marisol Where do you see in the coming years?
- I do not think in the future. But now. I want an epidemic of values. We started in Praxedis because it is a small place. Because it's our town. Start here. If people here believe in our values, perhaps working in Mexico. I dream that Praxedis again be a happy people. My dream is that my son can grow here and that things will change. Do not be afraid to leave.
- Does it hurt or just Praxedis Mexico?
- It pains me everything that happens. But I'm not someone who can do something big for all of Mexico. But if I had the opportunity to do something for my town where I grew up, then I do. Maybe there are more people who believe in hope, that would advance much more and would have covered all of Mexico.
- How do you manage the risk of your job?
- I am here as manager. I'm not picking on anyone. Hope you do not get me wrong what I'm doing.
- What did not take it the wrong who?
- Bad people. We're not picking on anyone but to society they believe in his ideals and hopes to change that fear. Why not sit at the table ill to live with us?
- What would you say to President Calderon?
- To believe in what we are doing and Praxedis is in everyone and that everyone is a Mexico.
In Praxedis main square, a group of elderly clean your table leaf that the wind has dropped this morning. Marisol
walks with his jeans, his love sweatshirt and black suede boots. Passes to the side of a squad car, old tires defense and who is assigned as chief of police.
Then I remember that before there was another charge Marisol that office.
A story told on 19 January 2009 that his head was found in the cooler than Acapulco kitchen lady told me. The note said: The chief of police of the municipality of Praxedis G. Guerrero, Chihuahua, was beheaded and his head abandoned in front of the local police headquarters ...
underestimate or denigrate an easy idea, believing it to change the state of affairs is complex. And that's what this story.
The Metro newspaper in Mexico City, a member of the chain Metro, the world's largest network of free newspapers, bet to see things differently.
It was created and believe in something . The chain of ideas born from the paper's editor Alfredo Gonzalez and chain Metro. The goal? Tell what happens in Juarez with extra ingredient: escaping the obvious.
recipe is set in motion: How and what to expect of Juarez in this ocean of information. " Had to withdraw and see things differently. Did was too naive to tell and explain what happened to the mental health of children in Juárez who daily meet, witness or experience violence from the cartels? Why children play at being hired, soldiers or federal? What's behind Marisol Valles, the Police Chief Praxedis in the Juarez Valley, whom the media became the bravest woman in Mexico without knowing who is dying of fear and pray that your son can go out 8 months play in the future without running into killers?
Sometimes it's good that newsrooms have eyes of a child because it helps ward normal. Normality does not explain anything, only play, repeat and imitate. How many newsrooms have monopolized normal? " many have given up on a story citadina find a vein information is important only because close early edition? In the following days, the idea was maturing. Skype conversations and electronic exchanges are not made in Mexico.
For reasons I was working in Panama. So the details of logistics, contacts with sources, the security net journalists Diario de Juárez, the security protocol to move into the area and the thorny issue of per diem, were triangulated from Central America. Metro put all his chips. The subjects were approved by the Metro chain and a plane ticket bound for Juarez, was triangulated in connection-Bogota-Panama City-Juarez.
The next step was to start do reporting and listen and share the drama of each Juárez stories. Relying on the experience of journalists who know the terrain. And apply some assumptions to the report:
- Why am I writing this?
- How to choose the topics or areas where I get involved?
- How to manage data so that my story is universal?
- Remember that when we seek to generate memory stories our readers.
- which is very dangerous to see a one-time sources.
- Remember that a journalist anxious will be seen as unreliable by the sources.
- look where everyone looks NO.
- Go for the action to the context.
- Do not lose the data certification.
- It is always necessary to know something of the rituals or routines or characters.
- That the details show class condition.
- How do you enjoy my character, who hates what you admire?
- that the poor transparency is essential.
- What to reconcile with the simple.
The creation of a story never ends with the wording of the reporter. Create stories is a ritual of faith in a same and others. If one transmits faith, clarity, simplicity and concept into the language, the gears of the creative work better.
One of these pieces was Miguel Jiménez, designer of Metro. He took his notebook and locked ourselves in the crazy room (board room) of writing. Miguel knew the details of history, data, text and intent of schizophrenia reporter that the pages were linked by an AK-47: the weapon with which most Mexicans are being killed in this so-called 'war'.
A weapon that is mostly stocked by U.S. armories. Someone said that the Yankees put guns and Mexico the dead. How many deaths will it take to Mexico for the United States continue to take drugs? Miguel sketch pages, proposed colors, reading entries. He also sent a library that would help the story to report on deaths in Juarez, the location, the phrases of the characters in the stories and the AK-47 that was across the pages.
There was a debate about the use of AK-47. Was it an apology for drug trafficking? Were we crazy? How useful would such a weapon? One element of that type had to tell a story. And so it was: the weapon that has the exact size of an AK-47 was peppered with information about the transfer and the impact it has had in Mexico for their illegal use.
The editing work corresponded to Alberto Gonzalez. The strength of the headlines, summaries, the accuracy and constant communication with the reporter made this alliance director-editor-journalist-reporter and reader visual teaching: evaluate ideas and move from the why not no?.
I am facing a reporter's computer no longer tells stories because he's dead. His peers in the drafting of the Diario de Juarez agreed that their place is intact with a picture that says: The Choco is here. Just a can of incense that is over, a cup which had flowers, computer and a photo printed on a sheet reporting appears. A reconstruction of testimony tells me Rodríguez 'colleagues told days before his death on November 13, 2008: Do not be afraid ... Armando Choco told him by his skin color. The morning that killed him was getting ready to take your 8 year old daughter at primary school. His wife and fellow journalist, Blanca Martinez, gave a little syrup to the smallest when he heard the shots. Armando came out and saw wounded. He took the girl from the car and into the house. Upon his return he managed to say to him that she was not hurt. Armando died seconds later. President Felipe Calderón told a group of journalists and members of the Inter American Press Association on September 22, 2010 that they had arrested the alleged murderer of Armando. Les leaked that Hugo Valenzuela Castañeda called "The Vale" or "3." But the Diario de Juárez investigated and discovered that the man had been killed on July 8, 2010 in the state prison in Juarez. Also had a complaint with Rights Human military because he was tortured to blame other murders. On one side of the place of Armando is the place of Luz del Carmen Sosa. It is also empty because it has gone to Spain to receive an award that the newspaper El Mundo daily coverage given by the news that smacks of red ink in Juarez. find that on a shelf has dozens of spent cartridges of different calibers of bullets was found when covering a murder. Days later asked about that: - I have a lot more than me let me "do not forget. " I think no one has seen the pain that I've seen: Do you know how it feels when you see a dead mother and have her baby in her arms pissed and hurt? Do you know what your partner is in front of you is dead and another wounded asking you to go with him in the ambulance and paramedics listening to key words in there beds in the hospital? Or that in a fire is out of water? I repeat: - How do the mothers and actual reporting? - I'm more reporter than a mother, I confess - How do you combine the house with bullets? - My children are accustomed to my work, they know I do, read the newspaper, see news. Are no strangers to the situation of the city. Even in some cases they or their friends have given me information on violent events kidnappings, robberies. I was always the absent breast. That they were late to school. Which took them out of school to cover a violent event. Iban me to crawl. Have been involved since they were born in my work. But that has given us a different perspective of life to all three. We value life too much, the time together. - Have you ever thought of going to Juarez to the threats he has received? Others seek asylum ... - Look, I do not need me to put a gun to your head or send me a text message or a call on my cell phone to feel threatened. The risk is implicit since they killed and Luis Carlos El Choco and the murderers remain free. Stop doing my work would be almost like betraying myself. Because to my report is a lifelong commitment. And if you ask me if I prefer to go into exile to die for doing my job, I prefer the latter. I do not want to be a martyr or victim. I just want to do what they do. - Do you owe something to journalism or journalism owes something to you? - I owe more professionalism, therefore aims to prepare ... not owe me anything, I think only the writer can understand how a journalist can be so addictive ... - At the back of your place is the site of Armando wrote: El Choco is here, says the paper. What do you think of that act of faith in the drafting? - addition of faith is love ... this language is old. We met young. We attended our weddings, births of our children, piñatas, 15, divorces, we are family and friends of a lifetime - How experienced the murder Armando? - The shock of the murder of arming was devastating. Yet joined us. We almost welded. This wording is twinned with ink and blood. Passion for journalism.
At night, I go to report to a photojournalist who makes cookies in the afternoon to earn a little more silver and night 'patrol' - as he says, the labyrinths of Juarez with his camera canon, a trench coat, hair coated with gel and loaded with adrenaline. David Cross is a reporter for the Diario de Juárez.
Now open your trunk as a policeman that has marked the high this morning, he approaches his window. The police acknowledge and David Cross interior light. - Here I bring cookies, while in the background tells the turret lights the curtains closed for business in downtown Juárez. The policeman salutes and says to follow your path. - Ah, these cops, "exclaims David. - We turn in the bottom Ignacio Altamirano and I see a military truck near the bridge leading into El Paso Texas. - Very often dream that they will kill me and I say God take care of me, the truth is not when you return. As things stand, do not know if at any time you find yourself the gunmen and give you the mother you too. Without deberla or feared. You know well that you're in the ring.
So we have had to suddenly assembled the shootings when they cover a run. We have to work with fear and everything. And so never mind.
Suddenly, David Cross has learned this morning that there is an alleged execution in Aeronautics Avenue entrance. - Having my crazy, I'm at the entrance of Aeronautics, tells his colleague on the radio. David
that gunmen sometimes dreams take him to a very high cliff to kill him. - Once I dreamed I had shaven heads. That body was on one side and my head was elsewhere. - But even so, I always think that in Juarez can be a change.
The phone rings. He reported that the alleged discovery of a murdered man was a false alarm. A light shows me his eyes wobble to the right speed. We were headed to downtown Juarez and David patrol the news. In Juarez there is much to tell.
Sebastian and his five years have drawn on a yellow sheet three figures.
- Who is he?, Asked the kindergarten teacher. - my dad is killing another man ... - "And this Who is it? - That's me and I am helping to kill my dad ... Sebastian strokes trace much of what happens in the colonial Mexico 68, west of Ciudad Juárez. In the courtyard of a kindergarten, where last October was placed a blanket that threatened the extermination of 300 mobsters, a teacher told me: "Many of the children we have here are aggressive, fight and reflect anxiety. Half of the Mexico 68 is climbing on a so ma, with steep streets and capeadas with earth. " "Look," he says by looking at a child who eats alone a cake ", he saw how they killed a neighbor and now has trouble speaking."
"Many of these children have witnessed crimes, vandalism and gangs. Some have parents killers or drug dealers." The professor, who is Kenite eg with a body that seems stuck in a girl of 15 years, top: "Sometimes I pretend to be soldiers and assassins. A few days ago one of them told another friend: 'Culero, we to take a few tequilas ... ' "Last week we were in class and asked them what they wanted to be great. The children raised their hand and there were those who said 'when I grow up I want to be like my dad and kill people. " walked to one end of the kindergarten playground and a gale cold reminds me that these days the sun goes down the curtain early. II .- At six p.m. Juarez remains unclear. Two children run past, rolling an old tire. The teacher noted that some students say their parents will steal because they have no work. I have also heard -ta-eat their game characters are soldiers and gunmen. "When I grow up I will use gun!" Said one of them. In the same kindergarten, another teacher who has asked not to appoint to the fear of a penalty of Educational Services of the State of Chihuahua, he ordered them not to speak of violence, asks: "What future is pear to them? Did you know that many children do not show friendship? "And loose courage" is coughing children say they want to go to the maquila, or aspire to be cholos! ". - What is the main feature detected in children of this kindergarten?, I insist. - What are insensitive. Bad things are not the ma for them. Can you imagine a child playing the federal and saying I'll kill you? I had to have a child in the room who was afraid to hear the helicopters and how do I asked his mom what was wrong with that, she told me that his dad walked in a helicopter looking for the federal child and when I saw them spend said: "And go looking for my dad." III .-
have long words and federal assassins and soldiers, in Juárez, are in the vocabulary of thousands of fam ily. On the avenue Paseo Triunfo de la República, two trucks of federal agents come to the mall. A car screeching tires is enough to change its position. Jump from the truck and pointed their weapons back. But he's nobody. Only a sound and a driver, who, fearing, squats at the reaction. tension of almost five thousand federal agents have been sent to Juarez is not free.
On July 15, 2010 a car bomb, ar made up of a Mexican drug gang known as La Linea, exploded in downtown Juarez and killed two federal police, a municipal and a doctor. The reaction of the cartel was a source, the capture of one of their leaders called Jesus Armando Acosta, 35. In this year in Ciudad Juarez have killed 11 federal agents and 10 have been injured. The presence of the military has faced the consciences of many Juarez. "When they arrived, the gene you saw it. But after the atrocities and abuses began. A lot of families took their cars, saying they were illegal and demanded money be returned. So people aho ra sees them with suspicion" I said to Mrs. Araceli Aztec colony. In April 2010, a Mexican official source revealed that 10 federal agents had been arrested on charges of extorting money from traders of pirated products, which called for up to four thousand dollars to not take away their goods and they could continue selling.
The master of the colony Mexico 68 gives me another clue. A group of professors at the Na tional Pedagogical University, lifted the carpet to find out what is causing the violent behavior of some children in kindergarten in colonias of Juarez.
One of the teachers who led the research talks that began to detect cases four years ago.
- Now we can see that children are incorporating into your life what you see in the city, army trucks, federal, soldiers and parents who commit crimes.
- What alarmed us is that children have changed their traditional games. Pretending to be thugs and make the toy machine guns and pistols. We have to tell you that a gun is to harm another person. But the media beat us, what they hear on the news we want ... violence, he says, is part of their generation: they grow with it. The children are terrified of some sounds, when you hear loud sounds they think it's a volley of bullets. There are many niños que se quedan con adormecimiento. Como no saber actuar o qué hacer. – ¿Cómo puede salir Juárez de esto?, le pregunto. – Tratando de unir nuevamente a la familia. Porque esos niños, cuando crezcan y tengan 12 ó 13 años, no tendrán suficientes juicios morales y la delgada línea entre el bien y el mal, la cruzarán pronto. V.- A unos dos kilómetros de ahí, en un negocio de tortillas de harina, Carmen, –sin apellido por su seguridad– ha dejado a sus tres hijos en casa. Enviudó hace casi un año. A su marido lo asesinaron cuando reparaba su automóvil. “Los que lo mataron an dan ahí sueltos”, me dice y sirve nigerrima coffee. now have to sell burritos from 10 pesos in the vicinity of the international bridge connecting El Paso, Texas. According to the local association of maquiladoras in Juárez violence has left at least 10 000 orphans. The Mexican government has no official figure about it. VI. But kindergarten teachers not only care for the imitation of violence by children, also are concerned that come your way. One of them, not yet born. April Alvarado brings in her womb. Both live in the municipal jail in Juarez. "I have two months pregnant, said in April while on a piñata glue sticks, in the next few days break with his cellmates. This is the second time that the mother, the father of her first child was a member of the band The Aztecs, but died in a confrontation with federal agents. April said his partner was in drug trafficking. The Aztecs, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a gang that has made alliances with Mexican cartels. Would have more than 10 thousand members living on both sides of the border between Ciudad Juarez and El Paso, Texas. The FBI says that control the drug distribution centers and prisons retail on the Mexican side. They are also hired for in office. April says: "Yes, he (the father of her first child) was Azteca." In her second pregnancy, your child will have another dad, a neighbor of jail in April, which also is in jail for trafficking. - Everything is quiet , we have many privileges, says while it also boasts pink colored paper and selling them out of jail.
And suddenly, before the surprised look on Hector Conde, spokesman for the prison that accompanies the visit- clarifies that the privileges are to study, work or exceeded within the prison. April says it has less than 30 years, but his body seems to over 40.
- Why is prey? - Because I was caught with 40 bugs heroin ... Abril up to the bedrooms and do not I see her that morning. VI .-
Hours later, outside the prison, I meet with Professor Mary Perchez Nevares Dora, a teacher at the National Pedagogical University, with many years of experience in the management of preschool children. Account: "Once we were in recess, and suddenly, some children came to tell us that some children had in the back garden were playing the gunmen. They were bound hand and foot. I wonder how you did this, but the children were frightened and kept quiet ... " Days after the conver sation with professors, a group of gang members set fire to a kindergarten in the San Antonio, because it allegedly had not paid the fee required them extortionists. Professor takes me up a wall along the Paseo de la República. There is a picture of a child and the phrase: "I want peace, no gun." Strokes are signed Irvin Gustavo Mata. The teacher Dora looks at a drawing hand and says, "If we do nothing, children of Juarez will be the next assassins."
In a year and seven months a bullet Panther kill someone in Ciudad Juárez. In the dining room of the county jail for women awaiting release from prison and design your itinerary: I want to be Sicaria ... Panther, which does not have a name, know and consider: "There are load of old killers and extortionists, but are made withered, "he says while a woman around 60 years old, imprisoned for trafficking, walking behind us and limping from the cold. - Have you told your spouse you want to be holster? - Many times. - "And he responds? "That when I leave here, I'll change. - And what did you say? - Do not! I'm going to be worse. The day I quit, "I say I want to kill a rump in front of you. And I ask him: What do you think? And he stays silent. II .- The bedroom area is like a steel cooler pieces in cream. Here there are 134 women prisoners. 80%, according to official transportation convicted of crimes and drug smuggling. The rest (20%) is held captive by robbery or extortion. La Pantera, browse the local newspaper today Dawn has called calcined. A guard, who has recently shaved his beard and trained to talk a little - watching in silence about 10 meters. Your story about female prisoners back to me a video. Appeared on YouTube as elpumaoriginal hours before the death of a woman on 11 October 2010. The video , a woman is questioned by two suspected assassins who point to the belly. Sanjuana called Gabriela Enriquez said. His captors ask - You know that more women are thrust into this, right? - Yes - How many, which you know, how many more? - just the two of us - What has happened to the others? - The killed - Are not you afraid? - Yes During questioning one of his captors placed a rose in her hands. Minutes later see a shot where the woman is painted on the back the quote: "I am serving extortionist Line." Sanjuana appear a day later killed.
In the prison, I chat with Panther. Her eyes are huge and stalkers. Now he wants to talk about the family: - Even my child of 12 wants to be a hitman. Once I asked: "Mijo, do you want to be? And he said, as hitman mom.
- But speaking of killing people ... - What's that? - Said by looking to the side-one day I will kill myself. I am also a person. - What makes you think life will be better if Sicaria? - You live life as you live. Not to be a secretary or to be hired killers or being Buzzard or for being who you are. The life you have to live once. If you do not do what you like, then what's the point? .. IV .- To understand a section of what was said by La Pantera-prey the robbery of a jewelry-I look to the board of a local language. not the figures of the Mexican prosecutors, but the Diario de Juarez, which has its own count of crimes in this city: 2 000 932 so far in 2010. arithmetic violence in Juárez and the incursion of women in the killings could have a sense of imitation. U.S. Something called copy cat. People copy characterized by murderers who have committed crimes or highly recognized celebrities TIME-po back. criminologist Gabriel Rodríguez Juárez Leos based this hypothesis and believe that some women who are hired or are in line Conversion to the killings, admire the fame of other gunmen. - That fact is what invites women are attracted to that reputation, he says the specialist and member of the Association of Criminologists Criminologists and Chihuahua. He says They see violence and contract killings are common and taste for the easy money offered by drug trafficking or illegal activities. V. - in downtown Juarez, specialist theory takes shape. This is my second day in town and this time the chill of night has-ta drag me downtown streets near the international crossing to the city of El Paso, Texas, considered a of the United States safer. In El Paso - where 90% of the population is of Mexican origin, there have been four murders in 2010, against 2 000 932 of Juárez. The logic is simple. Across the border, die in a year, equivalent to people who are killed in half a day in Juarez. There cerquita the bridge, with a light brown, I know a prostitute close to 37 years and a son of 22. Newly widowed. Her husband was murdered by a rival gang. She suspects that is because of the mafia. And talk: about two weeks ago came a cholo and said: I come to announce that starting Friday we will charge a fee to tell them all. - brought credentials to the calling fee. - And what was that? - I did not return ... - On Saturday, one of the girls working there she was threatened with a gun. He was told to tell the hotel bato not go from cock. That if I did not think were going to start waking up at us. And in April we learned that new people will no longer asked fee. The lady got off the car and lost blocks down, heading home.
VI .- right back to jail with Panther. 'Oh swallow, tell me you're back / by my side / eventually / ... 'is heard on the radio in the laundry which is run by a woman accused of murdering his son. - You seem a very brave woman ... - I've always been. Tell it like it is. For my character I have many many problems here. - Outside there are many who are hired, what do you think? - I know. But you have not heard the saying that is more righteous a woman than a man? Sometimes you have more eggs one woman one man. Is proven. - More ovaries, you say. - Put eggs, then laughs wickedly. - What about your dream? - I have dreams myself. - And the dreams of their children? - Son of them. Are your dreams. - Why not have dreams? - just be hitman. Dreams do I want more now. What do I get to dream that maybe things or meet me? - Why not think about getting out of here in a taxi driving, teaching or being in the maquila? - Of course not! A maquila do salaries of 400 pesos a week? What is that as the killers are not going to pay 400 pesos. Are you going to kill all day for 400 pesos? I too will mourn when I die. - Who will win this war by President Felipe Calderon? - The drug traffickers are going to win because the president is not going to win. We are going to be able to stop - So you support the drug traffickers? - And what do I get to support the president. Is the president in which we supported us? What gives us president? Do promises? A president to sit in a chair promises you many things you never met. That's why I never vote for anybody. - What do you think of women who have killed their children in this war? - Even though it was their turn. You have a hairline to where and how you arrive you get there, and Te Ching. - What do you expect your children this war? - That war continues, Juarez is running alone.
Media coverage of drug trafficking from the narrative strategies
loose ideas I share the workshop organized by Journalists Foot and delivered by Cristian Alarcón * Soon I will give way to the newsroom to share .
Narrative Workshop Cristián Alarcón (TCA) How do I choose the topics or areas where I get involved?
TCA: In the narrative there to choose from where I write.
Cristián Alarcón Workshop: One who decides to become a storyteller, is determined to become an author.
Cristián Alarcón Workshop: The focus between the detail and context must exist in the narrative.
Cristián Alarcón Workshop: How to manage data so that my story is universal?
Cristián Alarcón Workshop: When we seek to generate memory stories our readers.
Cristián Alarcón Workshop: Nobody will remember the numbers.
Cristián Alarcón Workshop: When delving into the research neighborhood becomes a character.
immersion journalism is to be in the social and cultural patterns is expressed in violence, is a frank and transparent dialogue with the sources.
Table
my stuff to think relatively.
• Not all sources are characters and not all characters are sources • When introducing the characters I'll introduce the cards for each character. • The subject must illuminate. • You have to reconstruct the details of the issues. • Philipe Borgois ; editorial century.
• Understand the value of details (eg Christmas tree, holy death) • We have to rebuild narrative scenes in each act. • There is a point where we must detach • There is a moment we took off the character and lights. • One should not make deals; are covenants intangibles. • It is dangerous to look to sources at once. • A journalist is someone eager unreliable.
• MICRO SITE REPORT journalism • There is a lot of crime scenes, choreographed violence, only account where it came from and where was the bullet to stop. • The writer must select the point where going to tell the story. Weather
particular odor
Furniture Brands The lights were lit. Using the theme of the temperature are.
• The crime scene is a fetish: Someone saw things more. • It should be playing the axis of the chronic and point out the dead. • The districts have cultural and historical facts. • Example: The Tepito of Before there was the same. • Who was the son? • We have to look where everyone looks NO. • You have to leave the crime to have the crime.
FINDING THE TONE OF THE STORY
The interview carried the story is a story of life.
On one side is the interview I ask and respond.
Why am I writing this?
No way to find the right tone without making a structure. The tone can be in the interview, location, temperature.
have to detect the emotional component.
Do we want to be experts or reporters? Meter
brake and give the immediate context. Go
action context.
Being close is not spare their lives to the characters.
Try to see the evil.
Getting out of that logic.
I have to know I am speaking on each of my scenes.
must not lose the data certification.
are new deals with the reader.
MANAGING THE LIKELIHOOD
The Chronicle is an unexpected version of reality.
reflect and find the symbolic places. The
want to keep your routine.
The psychological damage to a routine.
I can not speculate but I give the reader certainty.
be credible means knowing sort.
not want to be named, but he knows and tells. The
chronicler is doomed not to know exactly what happened.
is always necessary to know something of the rituals or routines or characters.
The characters move and goes to a place. Details
showing class status.
When we find these symbols or signs can be demonstrated. October These days oscurese suddenly raised his eyes when it is night.
culinary tastes. How
enjoy my character?
People see much detail.
The color has to mean something.
data
radio ... Christmas music of the city
The light in the scenes is essential ..
is best at first to find the friend ...
anyone outside the core is better ...
HOW TO WRITE A BURIAL
should not seek answers about the death of another, but the other's life.
You have to start smoking a cigarette, eating and checking the photo album.
life of the dead is the life of those who remained.
need to establish a first covenant. IDENTITY
must make clear agreements with the other. Explain
I'm trying to do ...
I need to know things that maybe make him ridiculous ...
When you consider we can talk about what happened ...
The meetings are to be warm ...
If one is hot the other will perceive ...
with poor transparency is essential.
territorial linkages must be made. CHARACTERS
You have to choose how to count profile through a casting of the characters.
is extremely healthy self bored.
We may be full.
Choose the type of reading to help us to guide us in style.
ignorant should be recognized. Verbs come
a non-colloquial language.
must be reconciled with the simple.
We must protect the amount of images we released. Letting narrative language
Two copies underline the verbs and adjectives.
You must use black humor and relief for the reader. ANALYSIS
By Dario Davila The wording of a newspaper in Mexico has been hit with bullets. The phone rings. The attackers threatened to return.
editor in chief must make a decision soon. Known that the risk increases with the hours. Who will call to report the assault? What prompted their reporters? How will you document the threat? What will the reporters who cover police events?
decision on the route and adrenaline in the newsroom have stopped asking what security protocol have my reporters and editors? What do I do if the gunmen talk to the newsroom to intimidate most publishers?
In Mexico, according to the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression of the Organization of American States (OAS), have been recorded in the last decade 64 killings and 11 disappearances of journalists. Even, according to Reporters Without Borders, one of ten journalists killed, bore marks of torture.
Against this background, the Digital Journalism Center (CPD) and the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ), associated with the University of Guadalajara and sponsored by the U.S. Embassy in Mexico, organized for the third time the course "Segura Coverage: Guidelines for journalists in situations High Risk. "
reporters relied on the units that enter the online course program (with a duration of four weeks) to contextualize their counterparts in other regions on the modus operandi of criminal groups, their patterns of behavior and ways of threat reporters.
More than 60 reporters have received this training by the CPD. They are experienced journalists who investigate judicial events in regions such as Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, Michoacán, Baja California, Sonora, Colima, Chiapas, Puebla and Mexico City.
also shared tips on self-protection, internal communications with publishers, risk reduction strategies, forms of editorial, ethical and professional lineaments, and development of journalists' sources.
Since its region, each student added experience in areas such as the approach to civilian sources at risk, the context of cartels by region and the relationship between editors and directors.
For many participants, the course coverage Segura will be another tool to reduce risk in a country where journalism has become a high-risk profession.
You can continue to secure coverage on twitter: # csegura
The bicentennial and religious diversity. NEW STATISTICS
Organised by the Directorate General for Religious Affairs of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, became the last conference was on the current coexistence in harmony and solidarity of different faiths in Buenos Aires.
At first, the June 16, 2010 The Directorate General for Religious Affairs of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires and the Institute of Higher Religious Culture presented the first lecture entitled "Religious Reality in Buenos Aires until the mid-nineteenth century", a conference open to the public with free admission that was held in the auditorium of the Institute of Higher Religious Culture located in Rodríguez Peña 1054. Participate in this conference, Dr. Arnoldo Canclini and Fr. Mr. Luis Alberto Lahitou. This activity had inaugurated the lecture series "Religious Diversity in Buenos Aires. A Historical Look" you set the Directorate General for Religious Affairs and the Institute of Higher Religious Culture in 2010 whose main objective was to tour on religious diversity in these first 200 years of history.
The second conference took place on 11 August. Participants of the conference, Professor Roberto Elissalde, Ms. Alicia Ester Vischnivetzky of Benmergui and Dr. Jerome Jose Granados.
On 3 November the third and last lecture of the series "Religious Diversity in Buenos Aires. A historical view "promoted by the Directorate General for Religious Affairs, member of the General Secretariat of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires, and the Institute of Higher Religious Culture in the House of Representatives (ex Legislature of the Province of Buenos Aires) Manzana de las Luces, located in Peru 272. The final talk
called "religious reality in Buenos Aires today." The conference was free and open to the public.
The Director General of Religious Affairs of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires, Mr. Frederick Smith, welcomed the participation of the panelists stressed the importance of peaceful coexistence of faiths: "I am very excited to think of a Buenos Aires where different religions coexist in harmony and so much solidarity. "
This closure involved a panel led by Alfredo Abriani, an official of the said Directorate for Religious Affairs, which included Rabbi Silvina Chemen (Bet El), Dr. Ricardo Docampo (ACIERA), Dr. Juan Navarro Floria (CALIR President), Professor Ricardo Elias (Islamic Center of Argentina) and Ms. Gloria Williams de Padilla (CEDIARZ)
The panel on "Religious Diversity in Buenos Aires today, speakers highlighted the diversity that currently exist and reflected on it.
Dr. Juan Navarro Floria said that Buenos Aires was a pioneer in welcoming people of different faiths. He noted that the plurality and religious diversity is not something valuable in itself, is valuable when converted to peaceful coexistence, respect and friendship. Meanwhile
Rabbi Chemen Silvina, doubled the bet calling for more diversity and wishing that he wanted to develop a pedagogy of diversity and depth of diversity, because the difference one more crowded.
Lic Williams Gloria Padilla emphasized the diversity within the Catholic Church.
Prof. Ricardo Elias gave several examples of religious coexistence, as the panel in which I participated, the presence of government authorities in Jewish and Muslim holidays,
Finally, Dr. Ricardo Docampo toured the twentieth century explaining how it was changing religious diversity. CALIR put the example of religious pluralism that is caused by the religious diversity that teaches us how to live in Argentina. And it is such because its members who participate in most faiths not represent efforts have valued hear each other, listen to all religious groups have been patiently echoed the comments of each have been several times their draft laws of religion to agree on a single text that marks the way law that an agreement between all religious communities is "possible" for Argentina's future.
I quote Mario Ringler, CALIR former vice president and former president of the Latin American Rabbinical Seminary shortly before his death he had maintained that as a result of this diversity have seen that tolerance is not enough and explained to tolerate another involving a nuisance bear, so it was not sufficient, that it was not religious freedom and peaceful coexistence and religious freedom imposed by respect for others, considered equal to a pair own, such as human dignity identical in ideological diversity, religious and ethnic.
Dr. Docampo finished
that are convinced they know they are building up pigeonholed as a nation is not built for the benefit of a sector realities but respecting all cultures and all its aspects, human and religious respect that diversity. Preserving and celebrating builds fundamental values \u200b\u200bin this globalized world, was built respecting the values \u200b\u200bthat arise from the religious, God's values, is built to promote a constructive dialogue, affirming the equal treatment, essential for ensuring respect for human beings and nature, and finally constructs contributing to a better world, as long as we say Christians - to preserve hope of eternal life beyond this world and in the meantime in the hope of building a more free and at peace because a nation is constructed with peace.
On Sunday 24 October, the "approaches" of the Nation published some data on religious beliefs in Argentina, from the consultant Polyarchy, which A survey in September at the request of the newspaper. Lorena Oliva, author of the note, titled "The Argentine and faith - religious in private, lay in public."
From the data analysis I intend to convey a "very personal" and facing the second part to the sociology of evangelical churches in Argentina, which are the subject in which I specialize.
emphasizing the "personal" from the analysis because I need to work with approximate data inferences, since we have no scientifically reliable information collected in the field, enlighten us more accurately the statistical establishment of religion in Argentina.
To compensate for this deficit remains the option of joining, like tiles or pieces of a puzzle, all available data and identify the points where they converge. Statistics
Catholic and the tip of the iceberg
no doubt is essential to start the analysis from the Catholic territory, because in this nation's Roman Catholic Church (RCC) is the most faithful and who knew how to get value added (today challenged but undeniable) through their activism in various spheres of society.
The first striking fact is that 46% of respondents, according to information Polyarchy, considers himself a non-practicing Catholic. Then 31% is considered a practitioner, a subjective response which explains little concrete. Other data show that people in attendance at the ICR are common in the order of 26%. However, information management several years ago, from the experience of one or two members of the clergy, would indicate practicing Catholic groups that might be in the range of 5 to 10% of the population.
in any conceivable variations in these quantities, the question is whether we can perhaps infer that the Catholic churches are empty. Absolutely not. The practical experience of visiting temples indicates that in times of mass, both middle-class neighborhoods and upper middle class and popular sectors, the liturgical celebrations have many faithful. Young, unemployed and even sitting in the stands outside, often form a large segment.
addition to the liturgy, the ICR there is a remarkable offer of psychological support services, social and medical assisted by lay people, strikingly similar to those of evangelical groups. In the Church of St. Nicholas, for example, whose age belongs to middle and senior high in the Santa Fe Avenue between Talcahuano and Uruguay in the City of Buenos Aires, young priests run practices that appear similar to the imposition of hands Pentecostals, on the sidewalk in front of the church, at certain times of the year.
But, no doubt, practicing Catholic population is a minority and indisputable fact becomes more significant when considering the remarkable dissonance that the numbers reveal, among the belongings denominations and practices. In this way the statistical divide becomes something like the tip of an iceberg of problems that may be associated with the current position of the authority of the ICR regarding culture and the state.
First in the order of culture, it is the dissociation between the official dogma that comes from the "Magisterium of the Church" (which presumably would be the anchor of truth, and the "core values") and beliefs about sexual morality and bioethics supported by the public who attends Mass and in the sanctuaries seeking concrete solutions to specific problems from a truly active supernatural power, which seems to demand promises but not necessarily commitment to the dogma.
Secondly there is a clear loss of influence of the authorities of the ICR on the state, and through it on the institutions of society and culture. If there is, as it seems, a tendency towards the maintenance of a hegemonic status, the public shows no signs of that interests you. Poliarquía survey, as the story of Lorena Oliva, shows that only 12% of the sample is consulted for the State to provide economic assistance to the ICR (a practice largely supported on the second article of the Constitution). 42% rejected the idea that the state attending money to religions. Conversely, a significant 41% think the government should help all religions. At the same time, a high percentage is in agreement, though in different degrees of agreement with the idea that religious leaders should not try to influence how people vote in elections (78%) and in decisions of government ( 77%). Statistics
evangelical
Poliarquía numbers show that evangelicals are 9% of the sample surveyed. If this sample is projectable to the national universe, means that almost 10% of the inhabitants are Protestants. In turn, the data indicate Poliarquía there is a 1% 1% Adventists and other Jehovah's Witnesses.
These data converge with others that can hold two hypotheses, a minimum and a maximum on the presence of evangelicals in society in Argentina. The minimal hypothesis is that evangelicals comprise 10% of the population, some 4,000,000 people. But there are groups that could be called "para-evangelical" because strictly speaking are not in communion with the federation of evangelical churches. At this point we refer precisely to the above Adventists and Jehovah's Witnesses, but the Mormons and the church known as IURD, Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. So if these groups also take into account the hypothesis of maximum certainly can be in the order of 13%. Consider for example that The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons are very neat in this respect), added 387,000 members in all provinces of the country, something like 1% of the population of Argentina.
But what is of importance that data is the assiduous attendance of members of these evangelical churches and para-evangelical "in their worship and other related activities.
But still, the numbers speak little basic. It is important to place in perspective with other variables. The most important is the social and territorial to the extent that in Argentina the population is distributed by socioeconomic level decreasing from the center to the periphery of urban centers. By combining data from own and others' studies (of the others, the principal was one developed by the sociologist Juan Esquivel with colleagues in Quilmes), it seems correct to argue that the evangelical population in urban middle class and upper middle of the City Buenos Aires is below 4% but the retreat to the Buenos Aires suburbs, the figures rise to 20% and possibly exceed it. We can assume that this effect is due to the presence Pentecostal, which develops "Across class lines (and probably is something like 60% of evangelicals).
Additionally, registration of churches in the National Register of non-Catholic religions reveal the institutional activism of evangelicals in the search for recognition by the state, favoring instead to the ICR in accordance with the second article of the Constitution national (and 33 of the Civil Code, Act of Worship, and the Concordat of 1966 between Argentina and the Vatican State, which came to displace the tradition of the State Board that preceded it).
The 2009 report had taught then 3082 records of which corresponded to 71% evangelical churches. The magnitude must be understood from the fact that evangelical churches, especially the most popular, are fragmented, in stark contrast to the unity of the Catholic organization pyramid. Then there is a heterogeneous group in round numbers is 29 percentage points, where they have their space, plus others, also spiritualist cults and traditions associated with African Americans.
territorial distribution of the records of non-Catholic religions in 2009, has two main concentrations, respectively, in the Federal Capital (16%) and the Province Buenos Aires (52%). The second evidence to suggest (I do not have an exact measurement) the records are mostly from churches in the Greater Buenos Aires. This ring of cities is a space exacerbated poverty indicators, while the site of much industrial activity in Argentina and a key area of \u200b\u200bthe Peronist vote. Anyway, here is the 68% of the records of non-Catholic religions, predominantly evangelical institutions.
Conversely, towards the interior of Argentina, the average percentage of records of non-Catholic religions is 4% per province. The highest concentrations were found in the provinces of Córdoba (6%), Santa Fe (5 %) And Chaco and Mendoza (3% each).
The phenomenon of territorial distribution of these inscriptions has certain similarities with the population distribution in the country. The people of Argentina are largely concentrated in the Federal Capital (the 2001 census indicates 8%), the Greater Buenos Aires (24%) and the megalopolis that both are (32%).
Catholics, evangelicals and social structure
Finally, let's talk about the two religious camps, Catholic and evangelical. I use data match very interesting perspective Chilean sociologist Arturo Chacón. Imagine a rod representing the population. If divided into ten socioeconomic levels (each level is a decile, with 10% of the population), we can observe (says Chacón and my time agree) that the two or three deciles are like sedimentary areas where ICR has an established presence, you may not alter the fact that, embedded in the thinking of people with assiduous Catholic practices, beliefs can coexist some other kind ("energies" of esoteric type, for example).
then we came down from deciles 6 or 7 until the end of the income column, we find the space where religious competition becomes more evident. Since we all have certain prejudices settled and shared (think largely with "thoughts thought"), from these schemes we can assume that this is the competition posed by evangelical proselytizing. Actually inside the Catholic camp there is a fragmentation of offers and options, which is not strictly new, Santeria, internal movements equipped with some degree of autonomy, celebrations of the charismatic movement and healing priests (these are my impressions, since I specialize in Catholicism). + (PE)
(*) Doctor in sociology. Author of "Citizens of two worlds. The evangelical movement in the Argentina's public life, 2980-2001 "(Buenos Aires, UNSAM EDIT, a publishing label of Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 2009). Teacher workshop methodology and theory of the Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Prenota
SAN CRISTOBAL DE LAS CASAS, Saturday, October 30, 2010 (ZENIT.org) .- Here is the article you wrote Monsignor Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel, Bishop of San Cristobal de Las Casas, entitled "Mute the voice of religion. " SEE
We are engaged in a repetitive series of discussions on the role of religion in public life, politics and the economy, legislative and judicial fields, in education and in the media. There are frequent accusations of wanting to impose our church dogmas and rules the country, of trying to intervene in political affairs, of violating the secular state, not to respect the separation of Church and State, and remind us what was said by Jesus that "unto Caesar what is Caesar's and unto God what is God's" as if they mattered much the Word of God, or as if we were disobedient to the divine command, or as if we were to leave inactive and quiet the claim of some caesars current (rulers, political leaders and legislators) to be believed gods before whom all must bow the knee. They are the first not to give God what is God's.
More often the position of those who continue to defend their faith is for your life private and has nothing to do with the exercise of public functions. I say with real conviction, as if they know very thoroughly which means the Christian faith that can not be constrained in the inner circle of awareness and home, but encompasses all life, all criteria and all behaviors . This seems rather the result of religious ignorance or convenience electioneering. JUDGE
well known in his speech to the British Parliament, Pope Benedict XVI said: "The world of reason and the world of faith-the world of secular rationality and the world of religious beliefs, need each other and should not be afraid to engage in deep and ongoing dialogue for the sake of our civilization.
In other words, religion is not a problem that legislators must solve, but a vital contribution to the national debate. From this point of view, I can not but express my concern at the increasing marginalization of religion, especially Christianity, in some parts, even in nations that place a strong emphasis on tolerance. There are some who want the voice of religion be silenced, or at least be relegated to the purely private sphere. There are those who wield the public celebration of holidays like Christmas should be deleted according to the questionable belief that it offend members of other religions or none. Still others argue, paradoxically, with the intent to eliminate discrimination, that Christians played a public role should be asked at times to act against their conscience. These are worrying signs of a failure to appreciate not only the rights of believers to freedom of conscience and religious freedom but also the legitimate role of religion in public life. I would like to invite all of you, therefore, in their respective areas of influence, to seek ways to promote and encourage dialogue between faith and reason in all spheres of national life "(17-IX-2010).
And in his meeting with Queen Elizabeth II, said: "In reflecting on the sobering lessons of the twentieth century atheist extremism will never forget how the exclusion of God, religion and virtue in public life, ultimately leads to biased view of man and society and, therefore, a restricted view of the person and his destiny "(16-IX-2010). ACT
encourage those with social and political responsibilities, if recognized believers in Christ who are closest to Him now, and are not left with Baptism and First Communion perhaps as children. Who know and interact more with him He is not enemy but friend, way, truth, light and life. Do not hide their belief, but prove them, not only participating in Sunday Mass and other rites, but mostly putting social justice, loving above all the truth, overcoming corruption in dialogue with those who think differently, to reach agreements consensual, loving and serving the poor.
Uruguayan writer Carlos Liscano, former vice minister of Education and Culture, current Director of the National Library of Uruguay, was proposed and vigorously from the start, continue the work of his predecessor Tomás de Mattos, and renewing reorganizing the public institution for better use by the public.
This measure encouraging the naked eye, would face the "dirty laundry" kept within the walls of our beloved library ... absenteeism, obsolete machinery, irregular employees, among others.
Wanting to correct this situation by rewarding those who if they had worked with a desire to improve and strive for greater efficiency and transparency of the Library, was discredited by the union who could not tolerate these incentives are not equal.
Uurguay seems that unions are more concerned about sharing the cake to help cook. Be that as it seems increasingly less interested in saving his image fades and before the ordinary citizen, who increasingly complain over leisure and waste that take over the public sphere and who they used to defend the rights workers, not their gaffes.
(Read more ...) In Uurguay, National Library is a body under the Ministry of Education and Culture and its Director is appointed by the ministry, with the permission of President, as provided in Article 60, inc 4, 168, paragraph 9 and 181 pound 5 of the Constitution of the ROU
Carlos Liscano, began his literary career in Libertad Prison, where he served thirteen years in prison for political reasons during the military dictatorship that ended in 1985.Luego to be vice minister of Education and Culture was appointed director of the National Library. From the beginning it was avocado to renew the institution to improve its public benefit. It well, who told affirm their commitment to renovate the house from March to December and then establish a plan for the National Library.
Liscano not know what is that end pulling (...) 15 trucks of rubbish accumulated by 50 years of neglect. Equipment obsolete, broken. Photocopiers that broke 20 years ago and replacement parts are not in the world Air conditioners do not work 30 years ago, lamps, typewriters, mimeograph. A press that was printing the poster for 40 years but nothing is printed, with an official, "he declared.
Liscano also discussed other situations, staff of 240 days that have gone missing 140 days, regardless of their annual leave, public holidays, the day of his birthday and work stoppages. The director did not refer to a hypothetical case but one that is apparent because everything is recorded, afirmó.También cited the case of an official two years ago will not work and can not even summarize it does not show to be questioned.
Given this situation it was decided with the Library directory, shared among staff based on performance, commitment to the institution and assists, the compensation fund of about 432,000 pesos, establishing four categories of amounts receivable. Of 107 officers who have the National Library, 97 will receive money for this purpose.
However, the assembly of the union officials decided that the workers must give the union what it charged for the equal sharing among all staff in equal amounts. 15% of the total would be to finance union activities.
Liscano in dialogue with the radio news program, do not touch anything, he cited the case of two members of that goal to control the operation asked a guard package, an extra task. "The police officers and 222 service that meets the job done extra fully, willingly, with education. At one point I signed a note of thanks and appreciation to these officers and also for the police not up to me, "he said.
That is causal, the gatekeepers for example, receive compensation greater than some bosses and some technicians as their commitment to the institution was higher, he said. "I am not in the National Library for the salary that I agree with the officials, is low. I can live in my other job. I'm not doing political career, I do not do politics. I'm not joining votes. It is my commitment to the government, I belong to the political force that is in the government since its founding. It is my modest commitment to society in a territory where I can do something. I am not bound to the chair. If the project does not walk, I will not hinder the work of government, "he added Liscano.
Apollo in the nineteenth century [*] On the self-employment
Although existed long before, probably from the late eighteenth century, the town of Arroyo Apolo officially emerged in 1843 with the establishment, at the confluence of the Calzada de Managua and the Bejucal, what we now know as 'La Palma', its center was the river hence the name Apollo, the creek was originally known as Polo taking its name from the owner of a stay at the crossroads Bejucal with that name still appears on a map of 1847, perhaps a clerk, or clerk, became A. Arroyo Polo Apollo, or maybe it was the everyday speech that generated the final spelling of the place.
La Casa del Portazgo, ie the place where he claimed the right of way, traffic, these roads, or what is equal or turnpike tolls, stood a few feet from where now stands the ice maker in the band west of the Causeway to Bejucal, and a few steps farther north was the site of transhipped boxes of sugar from ox carts to the mule carts were the only ones allowed to enter City [1].
This measure, established by the Board of Public Works, was intended to raise funds for road improvements, as necessary for the trafficking of boxes of sugar to the port of Havana. [2]
Knowing that for every bullock cart was needed four mule wagons, we can imagine the immense traffic of Cattle, Carry On, Chargers, animals, etc., occurring at that position. This vortex of men and animals also demanded stables and fodder for the care and feeding of animals, inns and shops for food and rest of the people, to spend the night or where cool with a glass of wine and eating a mouthful; blacksmith for repairs of wagons and carts, and hardware of animals, and with it a multitude of people to the attention of all these services to the diverse needs of carriers and passengers .
Even in those years the road to Batabano was used as the shortest and safest route between the southern coast of Cuba and Havana, although dangerous pirates had disappeared, the risks of sailing around the Cabo de San Antonio continued to exist. One who wanted to travel to and from Santiago de Cuba, Trinidad, etc.., Moved to and from there continued Batabano in coaster to those destinations. The same applied to different goods. [3]
All this huge and continuous traffic of Arroyo Apolo was a town full of movement, lively, dedicated to serve pedestrians. Its strength is manifest that if by 1841 had 119 inhabitants in 1867 reached 775, of whom 322 were slaves, most likely used as porters and other heavy tasks related to the movement of goods. Its annual growth rate was 7.5% for those years, the highest in the south of Havana. [4]
Arroyo Apolo growth influenced other locations and Managua, Calvary and Arroyo Naranjo and also in other small towns that appear in the first half of the nineteenth century.
For example the village of San Juan that emerges from a few huts built by the quarry workers of Osma, in 1841 had about 32 people, 7 households, a winery and a small inn establishment where selling alcoholic beverages and coffee.
There were other ways, Serventi, alleys and paths, often these were opened by individuals to get their products. The most important was that Ramon Osma built for the extraction of its production quarry and we have already mentioned, today we know as Calzada de San Agustín. The neighborhood south of the current boom Párraga know that quarry that produced an excellent stone for the paving of sidewalks, porches, garages, etc.
Osma was the owner of the quarry, which decisively influenced the settlement and development of this area, as part of their free laborers created a small town in the hill of San Juan, which we have already mentioned, a short distance from the quarry.
The wealth accumulated by the employer allowed him to build a beautiful mansion in the hills south of the present Parraga, which are still some walls, currently exploited by several homes [5] and also keeps the mouth of the well carved in a stone and a engraving, 1851. This well is still used by local residents.
Osma
Although wage workers allegedly used the bulk of the workforce was a slave, coming to build a crematorium for the bodies of these unfortunates. Near this place there is a stream where they had created the conditions for washing of slaves today, vegetation, debris, waste, and trash accumulated, can not easily discover the site.
I doubt that Ramon was Osma a very peculiar character, witty, and possibly an explosive nature, the construction of the crematorium and the suitability of the site for toilet slaves indicate their interest in maintaining sanitary conditions, in addition to road construction, several teams suitable for tillage and removal of stones from the quarry and some architectural details that can still be seen in what remains of residence allows us to suppose that intelligence was alive.
Moreover, the tone of his legal fight against the government because of its refusal to pay the toll at the crossing of his way to the Calzada de Managua tells us a lot of character. Several bundles at the National Archives [ANC], set out their demands but could find none in the one that you will give final resolution to their requests. I believe that much of Osma was right because he used only a few meters from the Calzada de Managua before crossing the turnpike and yet be paid as if the road had been used in all or most of its length, second most of the route from the quarry to the toll was on a road he had built.
Arroyo Apolo development and population of Havana, we have seen was based initially on the movement of goods twentieth century was still a point of reference the crossroads at Bejucal and Managua and until the late 60's was a center who were small shops, eateries, cafes, and dozens of establishments offering various services, So we just have the memory.
Image: Road in Arroyo Apolo [c1900] taken Cuban Heritage Collection.
[*] Taken from my unpublished book 'Incidents, confidences and divergences of a historian '
[1] mule carts were used until the mid twentieth century, the movement of goods to or from the port, with them the Mack Truck chain were the main transportation in the port, but now it seems incredible.
[2] The toll was around 1796:
Every beast
real ½
Volanta
4 reales
Carreta
2 reales
Livestock and pedestrians
not pay
We could not find these data for the years 40-50 of the nineteenth century. The toll was expensive since the same date could buy 12 ounces of meat a real cow, so the toll of a cart, not to mention the wheel, was the equivalent of a pound and a half of meat. Not by protesting little Ramón Osma, as discussed below, to establish its case for not paying the toll. Rogues do not doubt that the time to seek various resources to avoid having to pay.
[3] The bulk of sugar production was no longer moving through the area since it came from the region southeast of Havana and therefore used the Causeway Guines, who had his House Portazgo around what is now known as Bridge Alcoy Pastrana on the river, near what is known as 'Virgen del Camino' But even for these years was a considerable amount of boxes of sugar that moved through Arroyo Apolo, plus all the movement of goods and passengers between the south of Cuba and Havana.
[4] After this the growth rate the highest in the region was that of A. Naranjo with a 5.95%. The huge number of slaves in A. Apollo representing 41.5% of the population in 1867 is relatively and absolutely greater in the area, and explains precisely why activities developed around Portazgo.
[5] housing Call you what I found there in my field research, is an understatement. That was a hideous amalgam of huts where malvivían about 7 or 8 families from the eastern region, in the most deplorable sanitary conditions. This immigration, forced by economic and social situation, the people called them by that time [90's], with some jocularity and a bit of acidity, "Palestinians."
