October 2010

Thursday, October 14, 2010

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ALL FOR ONE AND ALL OTHERS FOR THE UNION

Uruguayan writer Carlos Liscano, former vice minister of Education and Culture, current Director of the National Library of Uruguay, was proposed and vigorously from the start, continue the work of his predecessor Tomás de Mattos, and renewing reorganizing the public institution for better use by the public.

This measure encouraging the naked eye, would face the "dirty laundry" kept within the walls of our beloved library ... absenteeism, obsolete machinery, irregular employees, among others.

Wanting to correct this situation by rewarding those who if they had worked with a desire to improve and strive for greater efficiency and transparency of the Library, was discredited by the union who could not tolerate these incentives are not equal.

Uurguay seems that unions are more concerned about sharing the cake to help cook. Be that as it seems increasingly less interested in saving his image fades and before the ordinary citizen, who increasingly complain over leisure and waste that take over the public sphere and who they used to defend the rights workers, not their gaffes.

(Read more ...)

In Uurguay, National Library is a body under the Ministry of Education and Culture and its Director is appointed by the ministry, with the permission of President, as provided in Article 60, inc 4, 168, paragraph 9 and 181 pound 5 of the Constitution of the ROU

Carlos Liscano, began his literary career in Libertad Prison, where he served thirteen years in prison for political reasons during the military dictatorship that ended in 1985.Luego to be vice minister of Education and Culture was appointed director of the National Library. From the beginning it was avocado to renew the institution to improve its public benefit. It well, who told affirm their commitment to renovate the house from March to December and then establish a plan for the National Library.

Liscano not know what is that end pulling (...) 15 trucks of rubbish accumulated by 50 years of neglect. Equipment obsolete, broken. Photocopiers that broke 20 years ago and replacement parts are not in the world Air conditioners do not work 30 years ago, lamps, typewriters, mimeograph. A press that was printing the poster for 40 years but nothing is printed, with an official, "he declared.

Liscano also discussed other situations, staff of 240 days that have gone missing 140 days, regardless of their annual leave, public holidays, the day of his birthday and work stoppages.
The director did not refer to a hypothetical case but one that is apparent because everything is recorded, afirmó.También cited the case of an official two years ago will not work and can not even summarize it does not show to be questioned.

Given this situation it was decided with the Library directory, shared among staff based on performance, commitment to the institution and assists, the compensation fund of about 432,000 pesos, establishing four categories of amounts receivable. Of 107 officers who have the National Library, 97 will receive money for this purpose.

However, the assembly of the union officials decided that the workers must give the union what it charged for the equal sharing among all staff in equal amounts. 15% of the total would be to finance union activities.

Liscano in dialogue with the radio news program, do not touch anything, he cited the case of two members of that goal to control the operation asked a guard package, an extra task. "The police officers and 222 service that meets the job done extra fully, willingly, with education. At one point I signed a note of thanks and appreciation to these officers and also for the police not up to me, "he said.

That is causal, the gatekeepers for example, receive compensation greater than some bosses and some technicians as their commitment to the institution was higher, he said.
"I am not in the National Library for the salary that I agree with the officials, is low. I can live in my other job. I'm not doing political career, I do not do politics. I'm not joining votes. It is my commitment to the government, I belong to the political force that is in the government since its founding. It is my modest commitment to society in a territory where I can do something. I am not bound to the chair. If the project does not walk, I will not hinder the work of government, "he added Liscano.

Sources:

180.com.uy

presidencia.gub.uy

Oceano FM

Wednesday, October 13, 2010

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Apollo in the nineteenth century [*] On the self-employment

Although existed long before, probably from the late eighteenth century, the town of Arroyo Apolo officially emerged in 1843 with the establishment, at the confluence of the Calzada de Managua and the Bejucal, what we now know as 'La Palma', its center was the river hence the name Apollo, the creek was originally known as Polo taking its name from the owner of a stay at the crossroads Bejucal with that name still appears on a map of 1847, perhaps a clerk, or clerk, became A. Arroyo Polo Apollo, or maybe it was the everyday speech that generated the final spelling of the place.

La Casa del Portazgo, ie the place where he claimed the right of way, traffic, these roads, or what is equal or turnpike tolls, stood a few feet from where now stands the ice maker in the band west of the Causeway to Bejucal, and a few steps farther north was the site of transhipped boxes of sugar from ox carts to the mule carts were the only ones allowed to enter City [1].

This measure, established by the Board of Public Works, was intended to raise funds for road improvements, as necessary for the trafficking of boxes of sugar to the port of Havana. [2]

Knowing that for every bullock cart was needed four mule wagons, we can imagine the immense traffic of Cattle, Carry On, Chargers, animals, etc., occurring at that position. This vortex of men and animals also demanded stables and fodder for the care and feeding of animals, inns and shops for food and rest of the people, to spend the night or where cool with a glass of wine and eating a mouthful; blacksmith for repairs of wagons and carts, and hardware of animals, and with it a multitude of people to the attention of all these services to the diverse needs of carriers and passengers .

Even in those years the road to Batabano was used as the shortest and safest route between the southern coast of Cuba and Havana, although dangerous pirates had disappeared, the risks of sailing around the Cabo de San Antonio continued to exist. One who wanted to travel to and from Santiago de Cuba, Trinidad, etc.., Moved to and from there continued Batabano in coaster to those destinations. The same applied to different goods. [3]

All this huge and continuous traffic of Arroyo Apolo was a town full of movement, lively, dedicated to serve pedestrians. Its strength is manifest that if by 1841 had 119 inhabitants in 1867 reached 775, of whom 322 were slaves, most likely used as porters and other heavy tasks related to the movement of goods. Its annual growth rate was 7.5% for those years, the highest in the south of Havana. [4]

Arroyo Apolo growth influenced other locations and Managua, Calvary and Arroyo Naranjo and also in other small towns that appear in the first half of the nineteenth century.

For example the village of San Juan that emerges from a few huts built by the quarry workers of Osma, in 1841 had about 32 people, 7 households, a winery and a small inn establishment where selling alcoholic beverages and coffee.

There were other ways, Serventi, alleys and paths, often these were opened by individuals to get their products. The most important was that Ramon Osma built for the extraction of its production quarry and we have already mentioned, today we know as Calzada de San Agustín. The neighborhood south of the current boom Párraga know that quarry that produced an excellent stone for the paving of sidewalks, porches, garages, etc.

Osma was the owner of the quarry, which decisively influenced the settlement and development of this area, as part of their free laborers created a small town in the hill of San Juan, which we have already mentioned, a short distance from the quarry.

The wealth accumulated by the employer allowed him to build a beautiful mansion in the hills south of the present Parraga, which are still some walls, currently exploited by several homes [5] and also keeps the mouth of the well carved in a stone and a engraving, 1851. This well is still used by local residents.

Osma

Although wage workers allegedly used the bulk of the workforce was a slave, coming to build a crematorium for the bodies of these unfortunates. Near this place there is a stream where they had created the conditions for washing of slaves today, vegetation, debris, waste, and trash accumulated, can not easily discover the site.

I doubt that Ramon was Osma a very peculiar character, witty, and possibly an explosive nature, the construction of the crematorium and the suitability of the site for toilet slaves indicate their interest in maintaining sanitary conditions, in addition to road construction, several teams suitable for tillage and removal of stones from the quarry and some architectural details that can still be seen in what remains of residence allows us to suppose that intelligence was alive.

Moreover, the tone of his legal fight against the government because of its refusal to pay the toll at the crossing of his way to the Calzada de Managua tells us a lot of character. Several bundles at the National Archives [ANC], set out their demands but could find none in the one that you will give final resolution to their requests. I believe that much of Osma was right because he used only a few meters from the Calzada de Managua before crossing the turnpike and yet be paid as if the road had been used in all or most of its length, second most of the route from the quarry to the toll was on a road he had built.

Arroyo Apolo development and population of Havana, we have seen was based initially on the movement of goods twentieth century was still a point of reference the crossroads at Bejucal and Managua and until the late 60's was a center who were small shops, eateries, cafes, and dozens of establishments offering various services, So we just have the memory.

Image: Road in Arroyo Apolo [c1900] taken Cuban Heritage Collection.

[*] Taken from my unpublished book 'Incidents, confidences and divergences of a historian '

[1] mule carts were used until the mid twentieth century, the movement of goods to or from the port, with them the Mack Truck chain were the main transportation in the port, but now it seems incredible.

[2] The toll was around 1796:

Every beast	real ½
Volanta	4 reales
Carreta	2 reales
Livestock and pedestrians	not pay

We could not find these data for the years 40-50 of the nineteenth century. The toll was expensive since the same date could buy 12 ounces of meat a real cow, so the toll of a cart, not to mention the wheel, was the equivalent of a pound and a half of meat. Not by protesting little Ramón Osma, as discussed below, to establish its case for not paying the toll. Rogues do not doubt that the time to seek various resources to avoid having to pay.

[3] The bulk of sugar production was no longer moving through the area since it came from the region southeast of Havana and therefore used the Causeway Guines, who had his House Portazgo around what is now known as Bridge Alcoy Pastrana on the river, near what is known as 'Virgen del Camino' But even for these years was a considerable amount of boxes of sugar that moved through Arroyo Apolo, plus all the movement of goods and passengers between the south of Cuba and Havana.

[4] After this the growth rate the highest in the region was that of A. Naranjo with a 5.95%. The huge number of slaves in A. Apollo representing 41.5% of the population in 1867 is relatively and absolutely greater in the area, and explains precisely why activities developed around Portazgo.

[5] housing Call you what I found there in my field research, is an understatement. That was a hideous amalgam of huts where malvivían about 7 or 8 families from the eastern region, in the most deplorable sanitary conditions. This immigration, forced by economic and social situation, the people called them by that time [90's], with some jocularity and a bit of acidity, "Palestinians."

Monday, October 11, 2010

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Canine Bowel Incontinence Can It Be Arthritis?

[originally published in Cubanálisis ]

Waldo Acebo Meireles

Rivers of ink have already run, be it real or digital, on two current issues are closely linked Cuban: the next firing of 500 000 state workers and the adoption of first 124 and then according to Granma , 178 productive activities or services that may be performed by the population. Should we attack or greet these measures? Neither one nor the other, but as the commander said, quite the opposite.

Forgetting the shame, would it be?, That was the CTC who communicate 'officially' on the dismissal of half a million workers, we must not fail to recognize that the measure, which will be a disaster, has a positive, rationalizing the work force nationwide in search of greater productivity, and therefore can not fail to recognize that is something positive, although its results will be terrible for the Cuban working class.

The authorization of activities to be performed by self-employed, has a progressive sense in relation to the statism established in 1968 and maintained over the years with a short and narrow exception in the 90's, But the very way in establishing these activities carries within his failure to tax rates on income, not earnings which would be more complicated, more licensing fees and also proposed tax on personal income. Will do wonders for those self-employed power gain that warrant their efforts.

But where would it stop the Power Point [1] formal or informal leaked onto the Web [by the way how are leaking documents , videos, etc..] in it, obviously prepared for the City of Havana, we assume to be presented to senior party and government, whether it is rather dull and dominated are excerpts from Raul, there are some relevant data.

For example in the slide 8 states:

remain available to relocate in the state sector itself between 20 and 24%: approximately 24 450 people in the state sector includes commercial companies and political and mass organizations (only in places demonstrably necessary)

The slide 10:

Options on the non-state sector, joint ventures, foreign firms; Cooperative Sector, Self-Employed [TPCP] including: Landlord, Transportation Private others. But obviously does not define the amount to be relocated on the other hand is first mentioned it on 'Private' as something apart and as if the other items they were not.

In slide 13

million was established to streamline the entire country of which 137 248 are for the city and the figures given by municipalities, accuracy that leaves open the question: Have you defined not only how many but who? On the other hand draws attention to the disproportion between these total 137 000 and for the whole country. How the capital being the center where he has all organisms and their importance in the national bureaucracy only got that figure?

In the slides 14 and 15

of 137 000 will go to the 64 546 non-state sector which includes: 4374 in joint ventures, in 2132 Cooperatives; 54.197 propistas Account, Foreign 1584 and finally 2259 Private [other] So if you subtract the 137 thousand 24 450 to be relocated in the state sector and 64 thousand iran, theoretically, non-state sector, would then be 48 252 people without any location in the air.

The slide 17 is defined that:

New tax system, more personalized, more rigorous . 4 types of taxes: "About personal income - on sales - The hiring of the workforce - on social security. Put another way such taxes of 25% for social security, most between 10 and 40% of revenues, are not the only tax positions that fall on the self-employed which is why it is concluded in the slide 19

Slide 19:

Define the problems which faced the self-employed are: Matter premium; Insufficient training, few local initiatives and that this will lead to "many may fail before the year" [sic] does not mention the tremendous burden that imposes a bitter enemy parasitic state that there is an accumulation of wealth in the hands of the population.

In slide 20, 21 and 22:

Lists ideas for cooperative activities, some as unprecedented as feed producers, repair bridges, repair of roads and sidewalks; boats within Bay [yes, it is not going to go wrong ...] Cassava Workshop, Funeral; Ludotecas electronic or mechanical, cleaning of beaches and many others, many of which lists activities that the state has abandoned.

All previous story predicts that the proposed measures will result a failure, first by the way they intend to run in which it is to obviate the basic concept of ownership, private property, which is not spoken, nor set the minimum legal guarantees that companies, cooperatives, or activities that are developed can not be reversed at will from one state to track the loss of its absolute economic control.

other words, there is a total and utter lack of transparency in the implementation of the proposed measures. First is left to the CTC the announcement of the guillotine to come, the second is used as the source Granma most appropriate partially transmit information on the self-employment to the population. Recall that in the 90 self-employment was authorized in the same terms, with a total lack of transparency.

has not issued a decree, a law, not even a resolution, and bear in mind that between one of the measures is to allow the hiring of wage labor, which conflicts with the Constitution. Clearly they do not want to establish, or issue a legally binding document that then have to be abolished. The cyclical nature is evident.

Most important is not resolved and defined anything about the forms of property, private or cooperative, it is evident reluctance to mention the word private

not have defined some basic elements such as those of whether to provide microloans to the self-employed, how will purchase raw materials and other resources, that is, all these fundamental elements, or left to chance, or not There is no interest in defining them.

All this makes them doubt the honesty with which they are implementing the activities and prefigures cuentapropia actually no lasting interest in these measures can make disappear in one fell swoop, as has happened previously.

In my opinion these measures are only palliative, rather ill-conceived, to the chaotic economic situation in the country, it measures it intends to make a really significant shift in the autocratic and totalitarian ways of handling economy

What to expect from a state that considers it necessary to publish in the Official Gazette of goods prices, taking them out and self-determination of those prices for the cost of a free market? The free development of the market is not in the mind or in the government's purposes, it is a taboo to let economic forces free to adjust, but need some kind, at least government intervention.

If indeed the government was willing to release the productive forces and relations of production change, that in Marxist terminology, then had not set these ridiculous lists, but simply had said, for instance: All production and service activities are allowed except those required for its implementation necessarily a top-level title. Period.

On the other hand, how the government thinks will really solve the unemployment generated with the self-employment? For me it is clearly not and this is evident from the above analysis we did, the slides 14 and 15, in advance 35% of those who are dismissed will not work in the ways they intend to actually be much more since in practice the activities that are permitted in practice already in full operation, although illegal, meaning that those seeking to start as self-employed will find a market already saturated, will have to find niches and see if they are within authorized.

addition tax burdens that are excessive advertising startup, which does not reflect a genuine interest in the development of self-employment, rather it seems that the aim is to discourage, the logic would lead to a minimum tax rates and licensing costs for a future irlas increasing according to experience and economic performance of attainment, but, as noted cynically, in the slide 19, many go bankrupt within a year.

How does the population of these measures? An interesting story plot BBC with the title "Cuba: Who are the" self-employed? " dated October 3, let us dive into the current thinking of many self-employed. Here are some of those views:

Magdalena Villa Rental of weddings and birthday suits. "The opening of self-employment is a proof that the government is doing and, as in other times, will probably end up banning it after a while. And even if they do not, do not see any chance of success because the economic situation is very difficult. My business is so bad that sometimes I have not to pay taxes. "

Evaristo Perez, owner of a café. "What the government is doing is to legalize what already exists in secret. Now the problem is how they will do with so many people asking for license. Everything is still very unclear, no one has told us where or how they will operate these businesses, even where we buy what we need. "

Ramiro Romero, medicinal plants and sell ornamental. "The opening of self-employment should be continuous, without the marches that occurred prior ago. We also have to clarify things. I do not know what exactly I can sell. It also depends on a cooperative as an intermediate state that takes part of my profits without doing anything to hamper my business. "

Yanet Ferrer, a shoemaker. "I work with my husband. Here we gain far more than any company in the State and also see the money every day. The only thing we need to be perfect is to have somewhere in the glue, wires, knives and stuff we need. The lack of State provision requires us to buy everything on the street (black market). "

Juan Palacios, a maker of bricks. "I have piles of bricks in different parts of the city and no purchase. Who is going to build a house if you have no food. Supply and demand is something that must be taken into account but also the need. Havana is falling and I have bricks. The changes give me the same thing because while I can not continue like hiring me to work. "

Alejandro Pérez, a bookseller." I have no problems with these new measures, but I think prohibitions should be removed. We do not sell books leave with less than 5 years did not allow us to sell books, pencils ... Go! normal things that sells a bookcase in any the world. In addition, we have only 10 inspectors for this park and now they send others to control us. And believe me that those who do need to control is to the inspectors. "

Antonio Manresa, repairing rubber (tires) for cars, motorcycles and bicycles." I agree with government measures. That's to allow everyone to take business very well but the truth is that people do not have money to open. I myself do not hesitate or 4 tires per day and then I have to pay 300 pesos (U.S. $ 12) a month just for taxes. I think need to lower taxes because otherwise we are drowning. "

Bernardo Fuentes, potter." To me the measures seem good especially that I can hire employees. In the workshops we need manpower and we are always scared that the inspector comes and gives us a fine of 1,500 pesos (U.S. $ 60) for each worker to find. We must also solve the problem of mud and wood that we bought at today, does not give us invoice and we risk more fines. The government has to be who we sell ".

This sampler of opinions touching points: The lack of confidence in the proposed measures, lack of information, the absurd and unnecessary controls tend to generate corruption, excessive tax burdens, the lack of a market to obtain legal and other raw materials.

is clear that the pessimism and lack of confidence not only in the minds of those who from outside and from further analyze these impending changes, which have nothing structural, on the Island If we accept as reliable the sample that performed the reporter Raquel Perez to the BBC there there the same mistrust and pessimism, we note that all interviews were conducted with self-employment today that more or less clandestine and illegal conduct their business and face the limitations of a market controlled by a omnipotent state.

After years since it was announced they were going to take action now appear in these formulas already seen before and also undercooked. No, it really is hard to expect to have results, or rather, with results that are needed to guide the economy in the direction correct.

time, and quite soon, or we will remove the reason.

[1] is dated August 24 2010

Sunday, October 3, 2010

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"would be appropriate for public places (of Justice) have no religious symbols"

The courtroom of the Supreme Court has a crucifix

Photo: Courtesy of Supreme Court
Press
He said the president of the Council of the Magistracy, Luis María Cabral, when asked by DiarioJudicial.com. The controversy erupted when Minister Carmen Argibay Court asked to remove religious symbols in courtrooms. In this note, in addition, the views of Angela Ledesma, Mario Filozof, Daniel Sabsay, Mario Fera and Paul Gallegos Fedriani.

President of the Council of the Magistracy, Luis Cabral considered in dialogue with DiarioJudicial.com that "corresponds to reflect" that "the people who go to the courts guarantee equality of conditions" and that sense, understood that "would be appropriate for public places [the judiciary] had no symbols religious. " Cabral was asked after this weekend the Supreme Court Judge Carmen Argibay raised the possibility of removing religious symbols from the courtroom and said he had discussed this issue with the head of the Council.

"In our country there is a majority of Catholics and that took as given that the courtrooms were symbols of the Christian religion," Cabral said, but stressed that in Argentina "governing freedom of religion" and noted that both judges and litigants "belong to different cultural communities and religions."

The judge asked counsel, "reaching consensus to achieve better inclusion of all "but, unlike the minister Argibay, which found that" conditions have a religious symbol "- Campbell denied that the presence of a religious symbol could" determine the witness or defendant. " Instead, put it as "a matter of respect for each other." Said spoke on the subject since Argibay-court judges were both oral-and together reflected on the idea of \u200b\u200b"seeking consensus and making decisions not by an act of authority."

Meanwhile, the vice president of the Criminal Cassation Chamber, Angela Ledesma, agreed with Campbell that the presence of a religious symbol "no conditions" but warned that "the defendant professed not [the same faith that could be represented in this symbol] may create a situation of bias." In that sense, it was "prudent" that religious symbols "pulled out" of the courtrooms of the court that part.

Meanwhile, House Speaker Mario Filozof Crime, who said he spoke in a personal capacity, called for "the difference between what the State should do and what you can do yourself." He said that "the Court has the right to understand what should respect crucifixes or religious symbols that are inventoried or in offices of public access "but not in that" every judge makes in the privacy of his office, to the extent that it does not affect the development of tasks.

"What is at issue is the secularism of the system," Filozof raised and added that the Court may make a decision as not to affect the "personal rights."

who expressed a more radical approach was Daniel Sabsay constitutional lawyer who agreed to remove religious symbols "when the state is secular." Argibay counsel that coincided with the presence of a religious symbol in a court "may cause intimidation that matter a violation of the principle of nondiscrimination."

Meanwhile, the president of the Chamber of Labour Mario Fera reminded that the Constitution, in its second article, states that "the Federal Government supports the Roman Catholic Apostolic religion."

Fera, who in November will take over as representative of the list Celeste as a director of the Judiciary, denied that the presence of crucifixes were discriminatory or offensive and said it was "the expression of what became the State from the constitutional point of view" . However, the maid, of recognized commitment to the Catholic faith, said the issue would merit the "exchange of ideas" and was "willing to talk."

For his part, President of the Chamber V of the Administrative Disputes Chamber Federal elected Paul Gallegos Fedriani rule on the issue with a sentence from a doctor in the social teaching of the Church who said that everyone can think what they want but that God has "constitutional existence" in the country: the maid recalled that names God (plain, without saying what God is) in the Preamble and Article 19 which states that "private actions men of any way offend public order or morality, nor injure a third party, are for God alone and outside the competence of judges (...). "

consulted by this means in relation to possible conditioning to individuals faced with the presence of a religious symbol, said: "It can offend." But in line with Fera, recalled the second article of the Constitution and stated that "order that crucifixes be removed against the Constitution" but said that if someone is offended, he would withdraw. Background in failure

In 2003, the judge in Federal Administrative Susana Córdoba made in a pose of the Association for Civil Rights (ADC) and ordered withdrawal of a Virgin of the Rosary that was located on the Ground Floor of the Courthouse. The House of the forum turned that ruling and allowed the permanence of the religious symbol. Finally, although he did not rule on the issue, the Court decided to remove the image of the Virgin.